Comparative Analysis of Small Molecule Conformational Search Methods in Drug Discovery: Balancing Speed, Accuracy, and Interpretability
Jinxin Liu (Insilico Medicine)
Background: Molecular conformation plays a crucial role in determining the biological activity of small molecules in drug discovery. The accurate prediction of low-energy conformations and energy barriers is essential for understanding structure-activity relationships and optimizing drug candidates. With the rapid development of computational methods, various conformational search tools have emerged, ranging from traditional physics-based approaches to artificial intelligence-driven methods.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive comparative study of multiple conformational search methodologies, including traditional approaches such as MOE and xtb, as well as AI-based methods like Auto3D. The evaluation focused on three key performance metrics: computational speed, accuracy of conformational prediction, and interpretability of results. Additionally, we assessed the precision of dihedral angle scanning capabilities across different platforms.
Results: Our analysis revealed that MOE demonstrates superior performance in achieving an optimal balance among search speed, accuracy, and interpretability compared to other evaluated methods. While AI-based approaches like Auto3D showed promising speed advantages, they often lacked the interpretability required for mechanistic understanding in drug design. Notably, in dihedral angle scanning applications, MOE's computational accuracy was found to be comparable to the gold-standard combination of xtb with Gaussian calculations.
Conclusions: MOE represents a well-balanced solution for small molecule conformational analysis in drug discovery workflows, offering researchers an optimal compromise between computational efficiency and chemical accuracy. The comparable performance to high-level quantum mechanical methods in dihedral scanning makes it particularly valuable for detailed conformational studies. These findings provide important guidance for selecting appropriate computational tools in structure-based drug design and optimization processes.